Lead in Our
Vegetables
You may not be aware that the vegetables that we eat can absorb a
significant amount of toxic metals from
the soil. When the plant is actively growing, these toxic metal are
constantly being taken up by the roots and moved to all parts of the plant. One of the most harmful
soil mineral we need to be concerned about is lead.
Why Should We Worry About Lead?
We worry because the effects of lead are toxic to our brains. The bad effects
are long lasting (possible throughout your life), irreversible and
permanent.
What Is This Thing Called
Lead?
Soil in its natural state
contains very small amounts
of lead. High toxic accumulations in our soil are the
direct result of human activities. Lead is an inert element, stable
and occurs naturally in very small amounts in the soil. It is not
biodegradable, which means that it stays in its current soil location
forever until it is moved around by humans, animals or surface water.
Lead is a totally useless element because our bodies do not need it
for any basic cell function, unlike many other minerals. Our bodies do
not and cannot use lead in any way or form.
The vegetables that we buy in the produce section
can also contain lead. Vegetables choked full of lead do look
different from those that are not.
Lead does not usually concentrate in the flower parts.
Those vegetables that develop from the ovary such as
tomatoes, squash, cucumbers, etc. are generally quite safe to
eat even if grown in contaminated soil.
Leafy and root vegetables, on the other hand, may harbor dangerous unknown
amounts of lead. Vegetables such as kale, collards, lettuce, cauliflower,
broccoli; and root vegetables such as carrots, radish, potatoes and beets
are lead traps; and can contain significant amounts of lead.
How
Do We Know That
The Vegetables That
We Eat Are Contaminated
With Lead?
You will know this only from plant tissue testing. As recent as in
1999, FDA officials in Washington State discovered dangerously high lead
content in a batch of frozen garden vegetable mix sold
in a retail food store during a routine sampling test. The source of the
lead contamination was eventually traced back to carrots in the vegetable
mix. These toxic carrots came from a vegetable farm that previously
was an old abandoned fruit orchard. Soil lead buildup in this orchard occurred from
many
years of fruit tree spraying with lead arsenate-based insecticide. This
insecticide approved for use at that time is now banned. Toxic
soil produces toxic carrots.
What
Lead level Is Considered Safe?
According to The Center for
Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC), a safe lead level for children is
less
than 10 microgram per deciliter. For adults, the level
was set at 25 micrograms or less. This is contrary to recent
research published in the New England Journal of
Medicine, that reported that kids with blood lead at or
below the CDC guidelines levels, still showed a
decline in I.Q. tests. This leaves us in doubt as to
how low should the level be and whether CDC guidelines
for lead exposure can be trusted.
How
To Minimize Lead Exposure
With the popularity of backyard
gardening and local
farmers' markets, we should be wary about the quality
of soil where the produce was grown. Organically-grown vegetables can
also be contaminated
with lead.
Avoid growing food close to
man-made structures such as
older homes, old sheds and barns, and old wooden painted structures.
Keep soil limed to PH 6.5-6.8.
At this pH, lead is absorbed in minute quantities by the plant.
Good hygiene including good
handling practices. Wash hands with soap and water after handling produce or
after working in the garden. Encourage your children to do that.
Peel all root vegetables.
Discard outer leaves of leafy
vegetables.
Soak and wash your vegetables
thoroughly with water and 1% vinegar, or 1/2 % dish detergent.
The best clue as to whether your
soil is healthy lies in its past history and the types of industries in your vicinity. Many homes are built on old landfills,
abandoned industrial sites, old dumpsites or old
orchards that are no more productive.
When in doubt about soil quality
on your land, get your soil
tested. Call your local county
extension office for help. Soil
lead testing
services are also available from private certified testing
laboratories.
Related Article:
How Lead Affects Our Health
Sources
and more information:
Group working to prevent crop plantings in
high lead soil.
Washington State Department of Agriculture news releases,
January 29, 1999.
Lead Contamination in the Garden. The Ohio State
University Extension Fact Sheet HYG-1149-93.
http://ohioline.osu.edu/hygfact/1000/1149.html
Sanborn, M. D., et al. (2002) Review. Identifying and
managing adverse environmental health effects: 3. Lead
exposure. Can. Med. Assoc. J. 166 (10):1287-1292.
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